|
Article Page
Pink or Blue Its Up to You Women Clinic
Women Health Information Center
FOLLOWING YOU WILL FIND THREE ARTICLES
1-Infertility 2- Pregnancy 3- Impotance
Provides free information on health and how to assess treatment options
For free personal advice send email : boyorgirl@usa.com
PHONE NO : 051-5856436-5506613,
Mobile No : O300-5335516
LAHORE: 0333-4268015
Karachi: 0303-6287800
|
|
All About Infertility
When Nature Needs Help You ve done everything right, yet you still aren't pregnant. You may be afraid that something is wrong after all, your Cousin and her husband managed to get pregnant on their first try. Is it you or is it your husband? Sex, that intimate experience you used to enjoy together, threatens to become a chore. I've heard women euphemistically refer to their menstrual period as their "friend," but now it has become your enemy. Each time it arrives you feel especially depressed.
Don't panic! There may not be anything wrong. Just because you've done everything you're supposed to doesn't mean you'll succeed immediately. Naila, who is 28, is typical of many patients who worry before they need to. When she came to see me, she was frantic. "We've tried everything for the past five months, but I'm still not pregnant. " I reassured her and suggested they keep trying according to my NATURAL BIRTH CALENDAR, explaining that it was much too soon to begin any testing. And, as is usually the case, she returned several months later, her pregnancy test having shown a positive result.
Even if both you and your partner are perfectly normal and destined to give birth to a healthy baby, it doesn't mean it will happen the first or second month that you try. Statistics tell us that, on the average, your chance of conceiving is only about 25 percent for each ovulatory cycle. Roughly translated, that means that the average couple takes four months to conceive. But that's average. Of normally fertile couples, one half will conceive by three months, 75 percent by six months, and 90 percent by one year.
When Are You Called Infertile?
If you've tried to become pregnant by having unprotected intercourse on a regular basis for one year without success, you're technically considered infertile (which is not at all the same thing as being sterile, a permanent condition). This occurs in 10-15 percent of couples, so you are certainly not alone.
Today, gynecologists are seeing more patients with infertility problems than in years past. This is partly due to the increase in sexually transmitted diseases (disease and infection can mess up your reproductive apparatus), and partly because many couples are postponing pregnancy until later in life, when fertility naturally decreases.
Being termed infertile doesn't mean that you will never become pregnant. In many infertile couples a treatable cause can be found. Think of it as a challenge that you have a reasonable chance of overcoming.
Reha, 32, consulted me after trying to conceive for only two months. Since she had a history of very irregular menses, with her period not arriving for months at a time, I didn't merely send her home to keep trying. Instead, I only give here BIRTH CALENDAR with fertility drug, and soon Reha began having regular menses. Within a few months, she became pregnant.
A variety of factors affect how long it takes for any one woman to conceive. Age certainly plays a role. As you get older, it becomes harder to conceive. Also the type of birth control you were using may have an effect.
If you're not yet pregnant but think you should be, you might want to reevaluate your approach. Sex is necessary but not sufficient to become pregnant. Review your cycle lengths and identify your fertile time. Intercourse around the time of ovulation, not necessarily on the exact day, is required. Proper diet and rest are important, as is reducing the alcohol and tobacco consumption of both partners (smokers in some studies have been found to have impaired fertility). If you exercise strenuously, cutting back may be a good idea. Stress may also interfere with fertility. Although trying to relax is easier said than done, some people find that it helps to eliminate any avoidable stresses.
Unless you suffer from some obvious disorder, such as lack of menses, I usually recommend trying for a year before undergoing evaluation for infertility. However, if you're over 35, it's reasonable to ask for an infertility workup after six months of trying to conceive. After a year, you can consult either a gynecologist or a fertility specialist or center. A gynecologist is a specialist who, after completing medical school, spends four years in residency where he or she is trained to treat female medical problems, care for pregnant women, deliver babies, and treat infertility. She should be board-certified in obstetrics and gynecology. If your gynecologist is interested in and experienced with infertility, that may be a good place to start.
If your problem turns out to be complex or you don't respond to treatment, don't hesitate to consult a fertility specialist. Fertility or infertility specialists study reproductive endocrinology for two years after completing their residency. They should be board-certified in this subspecialty. They usually don't deliver babies or treat the majority of female problems, but rather specialize in female hormone irregularities and infertility.
Boy or Girl choice is your Now!1 What's the Problem?
Getting pregnant is a complicated physiological process, and many factors can interfere. In order for you to become pregnant, several steps must occur. Your partner must produce an adequate amount of normal active sperm, and they must be placed in the vagina at the right time. You must produce a healthy egg. The sperm must be able to swim up through the cervix and meet the egg, which has been picked up by the fallopian tube. Once the egg and sperm unite, they must be able to travel back to the uterine cavity and implant in a uterine lining that is developed properly for the event. Hormones must be produced appropriately in order for all this to occur. Any number of factors can go awry at almost any point in the process.
Approximately 10-15 percent of infertility cases are due to ovulation problems; 30-40 percent to such male factors as low sperm count or varicose veins in the testicles; 30-40 percent to pelvic disease; 10-15 percent to cervical problems; and about 5 percent to other, less common causes. Doctors are unable to find any cause in 5-10 percent of cases. Since more than one factor may contribute, one test alone, such as a blood test or a culture, often won't solve the mystery. Usually you will undergo a series of tests. About 90 percent of the time a cause is found, and usually, but not always, it's something correctable.
If you've already had a child or two, it's not unusual to have difficulty conceiving again. In fact, such secondary infertility is even more common than primary infertility. Many of the same factors may be involved, with increasing age being one of the most significant. As a woman ages, she has more chance of developing medical problems -- endometriosis or a pelvic infection, for example -- that may eventually interfere with fertility. Also, as a man ages, the number and quality of his sperm may be affected by such factors as disease and exposure to pollutants.
The Infertility Evaluation
Infertility is a couple's problem. Both of you should be involved in the medical evaluation from the beginning. In fact, it makes sense to check the male partner first. Says one gynecologist, "I had a patient, early in my career, who convinced me to put her through a lot of testing before we discovered her husband had zero sperm -- he had a chromosomal abnormality." Your own gynecologist will first obtain information about your medical and reproductive history. She will then examine you and arrange for blood tests, if necessary, to determine your blood count and thyroid function.
Before your doctor proceeds much beyond this point, you and your husband should obtain a detailed explanation of what the evaluation has shown so far, what further tests or procedures will be required, and how much everything will cost.
Although regular menstrual periods are a good sign that you are ovulating, tests are usually done to confirm that you in fact are. Most doctors will ask you to take your basal body temperature each morning before you get out of bed and to record the results over several months. By examining your graph, your doctor can tell if and when you are ovulating. Such information may also come in handy later on in timing other tests. Other techniques to confirm ovulation include a blood test to measure progesterone blood level after ovulation and a biopsy of the lining of the uterus. This biopsy isn't as major as it sounds and is done only if the initial round of tests proves inconclusive.
Since male factors contribute to at least a third of infertility problems, a semen analysis will be requested as part of the evaluation. Your husband will be asked to abstain from ejaculating for several days and then to collect a specimen of semen to bring to the laboratory or doctor's office, where technicians will examine it microscopically to determine the number of sperm as well as their size, shape, and mobility. If the sample proves normal, no further tests may be necessary. In the event of an abnormality -- for example, if there are less than 60 million sperm per cubic centimeter, less than 60 percent normal forms, or less than 60 percent actively moving sperm -- evaluation by a urologist is indicated. Infections, physical abnormalities, or hormonal problems may be found, and treatments may involve antibiotics, hormone supplements, or, at times, surgery. If no sperm are present, artificial insemination with donor sperm may be the only solution.
A common factor contributing to male infertility is the presence of a varicocele, an enlarged vein around the testicle. Varicose veins elevate temperature in this part of the male anatomy by increasing blood circulation, and higher temperature reduces sperm production. Surgery may improve sperm count and restore fertility.
A postcoital test (PCT) may be done shortly after intercourse to evaluate your cervical mucus and its interaction with your husband's sperm. Normal cervical mucus becomes clear, abundant, and stretchy just before ovulation. For a postcoital test, your doctor will ask you and your husband to have intercourse on a day shortly before you expect to ovulate. Within an hour or two of intercourse, you will come in to be examined, and a sample of your mucus will be obtained so that your doctor may evaluate the quality and quantity and check to see how many active sperm have been able to enter the mucus. Problems with your mucus may require treatment with antibiotics or hormones, while problems with sperm penetration may require artificial insemination of the husband's sperm either by placing semen in a cup on the cervix or directly into the uterine cavity.
Depending on what your doctor finds in the tests mentioned, he may recommend treatment immediately, or he may suggest you undergo the rest of the tests before a treatment plan is begun. If you're having a problem with ovulation, for example, and your partner has a normal sperm count, your doctor may suggest trying to induce ovulation with clomiphene for a few months before going further with the evaluation.
What Is Female Fertility?
An overview of female infertility and its causes.
The human reproductive process is intricate and complex; success depends on two healthy sets of organs and hormone systems in the male and female and is limited by the phases of female fertility. Nevertheless, this astonishing process results in conception within a year for about 80% of couples; only 15% conceive within a month of their first attempts, and about 60% succeed after six months. In the U.S. an estimated 10.2% of women between the ages of 15 to 44, or about 6.2 million, have impaired infertility and the incidence is increasing. About 25% of women experience some period of infertility during their reproductive years.
In women, five key hormones serve as chemical messengers to manage the reproductive system. The hypothalamus, an area of the brain, first releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This chemical, in turn, stimulates the pituitary gland to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Estrogen and progesterone, secreted by the ovaries, complete the hormonal quintet necessary for conception.
When is a Woman Considered Infertile?
About 14% of couples who seek to have a baby will experience infertility. Some authorities recommend that if a couple fails to conceive after a year during which sex has been frequent, then they should consult a fertility expert. Women who are over 30, however, may want to begin exploring their options if they don't become pregnant within six months.
About 50% of couples who get expert help for their infertility can achieve pregnancy within two years with appropriate treatment of the woman, the man, or both. Although this report specifically addresses infertility in women, it is equally important for the male partner to be tested at the same time to rule out problems that could be attributed to him. Males and females each account for 40% of infertility; in the remaining 20%, either both partners are responsible or the cause is unclear.
What Are the Risk Factors for Female Infertility?
Age
Between 1982 and 1988 there was an increase of 37% in childless women between the ages of 35 to 44 years old. The number of infertile women is expected to reach 6.3 million in the year 2000, and may be as high as 7.7 million in 2025. A woman's age, or more accurately, the age of her eggs, plays a major role in fertility. At age 25, the chance of getting pregnant within the first six months of trying is 75%; at age 40, it is only 22%. This decrease in fertility appears to be due to a higher rate of chromosomal damage that occurs in the eggs as time goes by.
Weight Factors and Excessive Exercise
Although most of a woman's estrogen is manufactured in her ovaries, 30% is produced in fat cells. Because a normal hormonal balance is essential for the process of conception, it is not surprising that extreme weight levels, either high or low, can contribute to infertility. Body fat levels that are 10% to 15% above normal can contribute to infertility, with an overload of estrogen throwing off the reproductive cycle. Body fat levels 10% to 15% below normal can completely shut down the reproductive process. Women with eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia, or those who are on very low-calorie or restrictive diets are at risk, especially if their periods are irregular. Strict vegetarians might also have difficulties if they lack important nutrients, such as vitamin B12, zinc, iron, and folic acid. Marathon runners, dancers, and others who exercise very intensely may find that their menstrual cycle is abnormal and fertility is impaired. (Decreased body fat contributes to menstrual irregularities in competitive athletes, but other mechanisms are also involved.)
Lifestyle Factors
Women who smoke one or more packs a day and those who started smoking before the age of 18 are at higher risk for infertility. A correlation has been found between caffeine consumption and infertility. Caffeine is found not only in coffee but also in tea, many soft drinks, chocolate, and a number of common medications. Even moderate alcohol intake (as little as five drinks a week) can impair conception and also have adverse effects on the developing fetus. Regular vaginal douching may impair fertility by increasing the risk for ectopic pregnancies and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Occupational and Environmental Risks
A woman's occupation can affect her fertility, particularly if it involves exposure to high levels of chemicals, toxic substances, high temperatures, radiation, or persistent stress. Of particular concern are environmental chemicals, such as certain pesticides, aldrin, dieldrin, PCPs, dioxins, and furans, with estrogen-like effects. Although tests of single chemicals containing estrogen have produced mixed results, a study showed that the effects of combinations of these drugs can be very harmful. For example, studies have suggested an increased risk for infertility in female agricultural workers (probably due to exposure to pesticides) and in health care workers who handle chemotherapeutic drugs. Studies on the effects of electromagnetic wave emissions, including those from computer displays, have been inconclusive. Nearly all monitors now comply with guidelines that reduce emissions and laptop computers, which use liquid crystal display monitors, are completely safe. In any case, women should avoid the side and back of computers where wave emission is strongest and sit as far from the front of the screen as possible.
Emotional Factors
Some studies have shown that between 15% to 25% of women become pregnant within four months of seeking medical help, even before aggressive treatment is launched, suggesting that stress or other psychologic factors may be a contributing risk factor for infertility. Depression is very common in women who are trying to become pregnant. In fact, depression may have a direct effect on hormones that regulate reproduction.
What Causes Female Infertility?
Causes of infertility can be found in about 90% of infertility cases, but despite extensive tests, about 10% of couples will never know why they cannot conceive. Between 10% and 30% of cases of infertility have more than one cause. In men, sperm defects are usually responsible. Female infertility is more complex.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the major cause of infertility worldwide. PID covers a variety of infections that can affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, appendix, parts of the intestine that lie in the pelvic area, or, in worst case, the entire pelvic area (peritonitis). The sites of infection most often implicated in infertility are the fallopian tubes -- a condition known as salpingitis.
Ovulation and Hormonal Disorders
Given the intricate interaction of the five hormones necessary for ovulation, it is not surprising that about 33% of infertility cases can be traced to ovulatory and hormonal problems. They may result in the failure of the ovarian follicle to rupture, an empty follicle, or entrapment of the egg so that it isn't released.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) occurs in 6% of women and is the major cause of infertility in American women.
Ovarian Cysts
Not to be confused with polycystic ovarian syndrome, an ovarian cyst is a small fluid-filled sac that grows in the ovary.
Ovarian Failure
Certain conditions affect the ovaries themselves. Some women may experience premature ovarian failure because of adrenal or thyroid deficiencies.
Elevated Prolactin Levels
Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates breast milk production. High levels in women who are not pregnant or nursing, however, can inhibit ovulation and may reflect the presence of a pituitary tumor.
Immune System Abnormalities
In some cases, women have antibodies to sperm -- factors in the immune system that recognize sperm as foreign proteins and attack them. Autoimmunity, which occurs when the immune system attacks a persons own cells, may be a factor in some cases of premature ovarian failure.
Fibroid Tumors
Benign fibroid tumors in the uterus are extremely common in women in their 30s. In rare cases, they can cause infertility by interfering with the endometrium, blocking the fallopian tubes, or altering the position of the cervix and preventing sperm from reaching the uterus. High levels of estrogen seem to stimulate growth of fibroid tumors; heredity may also be a factor in their development.
Weak or Abnormal Uterine Muscle Contractions
One study indicated that many cases of female infertility may be due to weak contractions in the uterus. These contractions, which are strongest during ovulation, produce waves that move the sperm up toward the fallopian tubes. In some women, these waves are weak, infrequent, or actually move the sperm downward toward the cervix.
Surgical Problems
Bands of scar tissue that bind together after abdominal surgery (called surgical adhesions) can restrict the movement of ovaries, fallopian tubes, or the uterus and may cause infertility. Laparoscopic surgery is less likely to cause adhesions than standard open surgery.
Abortion performed under sterile conditions is very safe and carries few risks. Frequent abortions, however, may impair a woman's fertility. The cervix can weaken and be unable to sustain a pregnancy. Scar tissue may form inside the uterine cavity after multiple abortions resulting in a closed uterus, known as Asherman's syndrome.
Other Medical Causes of Infertility
Women may find their fertility impaired by a number of medical conditions, including ruptured appendix, diabetes, kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and hypertension. Ectopic pregnancies increase the risk for infertility, with subsequent pregnancy rates being around 45%. In women with ectopic pregnancies that terminate without treatment, however, the subsequent pregnancy rate is as high 88%. Waiting for such a spontaneous abortion, however, increases the risk for dangerous and even life-threatening rupture of the fallopian tube.
Overcoming Infertility
A very inclusive report on overcoming infertility in both men and women. Includes illustrations and information about fertility drugs.
Myth or fact: If a couple is having trouble conceiving a child, the man should try wearing loose underwear? That's a fact, according to a study on "Tight-fitting Underwear and Sperm Quality" published June 29, 1996, in the scientific journal The Lancet. Tight-fitting underwear -- as well as hot tubs and saunas -- is not recommended for men trying to father a child because it may raise testes temperature to a point where it interferes with sperm production.
Actually, psychological stress is more likely a result of infertility than the cause, according to Resolve, a nonprofit consumer organization specializing in infertility.
"Fertility problems are a huge psychological stressor, a huge relationship stressor,"
A Year Without Pregnancy
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive a child despite trying for one year. The condition affects about 5.3 million Americans, or 9 percent of the reproductive age population, according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
To become pregnant, a couple must have intercourse during the woman's fertile time of the month, which is right before and during ovulation. Because it's tough to pinpoint the exact day of ovulation, having intercourse often during the approximate time maximizes the chances of conception.
After a year of frequent intercourse without contraception that doesn't result in pregnancy, a couple should go to a health-care professional for an evaluation. In some cases, it makes sense to seek help for fertility problems even before a year is up.
What Are Fertility Treatments?
A detailed discourse on the often bewildering array of treatment options for female infertility.
Treatment outcome for female infertility depends on several factors, including the woman's age, the duration of infertility, the ovarian response to fertility drugs, the identified causes, and the couple's financial and emotional commitment to therapy. Women should be warned that it can be a harrowing experience, some finding it as arduous as being treated for cancer. Because female fertility declines gradually with age, a woman who is in her middle to late 30s has much less time to try various treatment modalities than one in her 20s and early 30s.
used for women with PCO when clomiphene has failed.
Artificial Insemination
Artificial insemination (AI) is a procedure that places the sperm inside the woman's vagina, uterus, or cervix. There are several variations: intracervical insemination places sperm in the cervix (used for cervical mucus problems or vaginal abnormalities); intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intratubal insemination place the sperm higher up and are effective for more severe problems.
For free personal advice send email to boyorgirl@usa.com
PHONE NO : 051-5593179-5506613,
Mobile No : O300-5335516
LAHORE: 0333-4268015
Karachi: 0303-6287800
|
 |
Pregnancy Week by Week
Week 1
From the moment the egg is fertilized by the sperm, the sex of the embryo and many other genetic traits are determined. In the first four days of pregnancy, the embryo travels four inches down the fallopian tube into the uterus. By the time the embryo reaches the uterus, it is 16-cells large.
Week 2
At the start of the second week, the egg implants itself in the wall of the uterus, typically within the upper third portion. The cells of the embryo prepare to differentiate, positioning themselves for their vastly varied destinies as parts of organs and organ systems. The placenta, which transfers nutrients from mother's blood to the developing child throughout pregnancy, begins to develop. The creation of the placenta also marks the beginning of the production of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). HCG stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone in order to keep the uterine lining rich and firmly in place, and is the hormone that pregnancy tests detect for a positive result.
Week 3
The embryo now consists of millions and millions of cells. By midweek, the embryo has grown from microscopic groupings of cells to 1.5 mm in length. The cells begin to differentiate, dividing into three different types of cells: those which will be part of the baby's nervous system, hair and skin; those which will become the digestive system; and those which will become part of the circulatory, genital, urinary and muscular and skeletal systems. The embryo's heart also begins to form, as a tiny heart tube that beats and circulates blood.
If you
are pregnant already,
accept our
Congratulations.
&
Dont hurry to leave our site.
Would you like to
Find out the sex
of your baby?
We can try to work it out for you with our NEW
Already Pregnant
~ Gender Predictor~
Week 4
By the end of this week, the embryo measures 4 mm. Its major organs, including its stomach, liver and thyroid, begin to form, laying the groundwork for the future of fully functioning organs and systems. Tiny buds grow on the body, marking the location of the baby's arms and legs, and small depressions form in the head, indicating the location of the baby's eyes and ears. The embryo's heart further develops, dividing into chambers, while continuing to pump blood throughout the embryo via newly formed blood vessels. The umbilical cord, which will connect the embryo to its mother, starts to form.
Week 5
In the fifth week, the embryo grows from 5 mm to 8 mm in length and weighs approximately 1 gram. The arm and leg buds become larger and more defined and the fingers begin to grow. The depressions that will become major facial features, including eyes, ears, mouth and nose, become more pronounced. Breathing passages, or bronchi begin to form, as does the spinal cord. By this time, the embryo's intestines are shaped.
Week 6
This week, the embryo grows from 9 mm to 13 mm, but still weighs approximately 1 gram. The arms and legs continue to form as elbow joints develop and fingers become more pronounced. The embryo's feet and tiny toes become distinct from the leg buds. The eyes, each the size of a tiny dot, already contain a lens, iris, retina and cornea, and eyelids form to shield them. The embryo presently has structures that resemble gills that will later form its jaw, neck and part of its face; the nose is just becoming visible.
Week 7
This week, the embryo grows from 16 mm to 18 mm but has yet to gain more weight still weighing close to 1 gram. The head, previously hunched over, now begins to stand upright. The brain develops quite rapidly -- nerve cells reproduce and grow at an amazing rate, branching out to form neural pathways. Elbow and knee joints are further developed, as are the fingers and toes. The embryo's eyelids now nearly cover its eyes and its tiny little ears are just visible from the outside.
Week 8
By the end of week eight, the embryo is 30 mm in length. Its head becomes more erect and its facial features more fully formed. The heart is now divided into four sections and all internal organs are present, although in early phases of existence. The fetus' limbs, including hands, fingers and toes, are well developed.
Week 9
By the end of week nine, the fetus weighs approximately 5 grams and is 50 mm in length. At this point the developing baby has officially evolved from an "embryo" to a "fetus," which means "little one" or "young one." The fetus looks more human at this point, and all of its organs, muscles and nerves begin to function as they will after birth. The fetus can bend its wrists; its feet become less webbed, as the toes become more defined.
Week 10
During the tenth week of pregnancy, the fetus grows from 50 mm to 61 mm and weighs approximately 10 grams. The fetus' eyelids are now fused shut while the irises form and will not reopen until the 27th week of pregnancy. Its fingers and toes are now well defined, its wrists are rapidly developing and the fetus can bend both arms at the elbow. By the end of the week, the internal ear structures are fully formed and genital development has just begun. The placenta is almost completely created and has started producing hormones.
Boy or Girl
Can You Choose?
Yes, You Can
and it is very simple
Just only in
Rs 20,000/=
Boy or Girl Now You Can Choose!
Week 11
By the end of week 11, the fetus is approximately 7.5 cm in length and weighs 12.5 grams. At this point, the major organs, including the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, are clearly defined and already functioning. The fetus now begins developing smaller organs, as the fingernails and hair grow in. The fetus' head is still disproportionately large, with a bulging forehead. The fetus is producing and discharging urine into the amniotic cavity, and its intestines are just becoming visible.
Week 12
By the end of week 12, the fetus is approximately 9 cm in length and weighs approximately 20 grams. The fetus now possesses all of the major parts of its body, including toenails and tooth buds. Its fingers and toes are totally separated and fully formed. The intestines are inside the abdomen and vocal cords have begun to develop. From this point forward, fetal development consists primarily of growth in size and strength rather than formation of new organs.
Week 13
By the end of week 13, the fetus is approximately 10.5 cm in length and weighs approximately 40 grams. This week marks the end of the first trimester, which means a significantly reduced chance of miscarriage. The fetus' eyes, which until this point were on the sides of its head, now move closer together, making the face look more like its final human form. The ears also make their way to the correct position. Urine is discharged into the bladder, rather than the amniotic cavity, and the liver produces bile. The nervous system of the fetus rapidly develops, as nerve cells multiply and synapses form; some basic reflex responses exist.
Week 14
By the end of week 14, the fetus is approximately 12 cm in length and weighs approximately 60 grams. The fetus, now with its unique fingerprints in place, is beginning a period of rapid growth. Eyelashes begin to grow and external ear folds and hearing develop, as the fetus will soon begin reacting to sound. If female, the fetus' ovaries now contain about two million eggs.
Week 15
By the end of week 15, the fetus is approximately 13.5 cm in length and weighs approximately 90 grams. The entire body is now covered with lanugo, a fine, downy hair that will most likely disappear before birth. Hair and eyebrows begin to grow. The fetus' head is erect and limb movement is conscious and coordinated. The eyes have moved further toward the front of the face and can move slightly. The fetus now has the capacity for other basic movements, including grasping, frowning, squinting and maybe even sucking it thumb.
Week 16
By the end of week 16, the fetus is approximately 16 cm in length and weighs approximately 120 grams. The fetus' legs are now growing longer than its arms and all of its joints and limbs are mobile. The fingernails are completely grown in and external genitals are developed enough that a technician may be able to determine the gender by ultrasound.
Week 17
By the end of week 17, the fetus is approximately 18 cm in length and weighs approximately 170 grams. The fetus' body grows to become proportionate to its oversized head. Its ears now protrude from the head and are almost in their final position. The legs further lengthen and the bones are ossifying and becoming harder. The circulatory system is now in working order and the lungs are inhaling and exhaling amniotic fluid.
Week 18
By the end of week 18, the fetus is approximately 20 cm in length and weighs approximately 220 grams. The fetal skin, which is very thin and nearly transparent up to this point, begins to grow thicker as fat is deposited under it. The oil glands secret a waxy substance called vermix that will protect the fetus' skin from chapping, abrasions, or hardening. A protective coating of myelin is now growing over the length of the spinal cord.
Week 19
By the end of week 19, the fetus is approximately 22.25 cm in length and weighs approximately 275 grams. If female, the fetus' uterus and fallopian tubes are developed and the vagina begins to grow. If male, the fetus' genitals become recognizable. The fetus' digestive tract is still developing, but now functions better than before, allowing the fetus to swallow amniotic fluid regularly.
Week 20
By the end of week 20, the fetus is approximately 25 cm in length and weighs approximately 330 grams. The fetus is now growing more and more hair on its scalp. The areas of the brain that are responsible for each of the five senses are developing their specialized functions. The actual production of nerve cells slows, as the already existing nerve cells grow larger and make more complex connections to each other.
Week 21
By the end of week 21, the fetus is approximately 26.5 cm in length and weighs approximately 395 grams. This week, the baby gains weight in the form of fat to keep it warm for the rest of its stay in the uterus. The fetus' swallowing improves as it drinks in amniotic fluid from which its body absorbs water. If male, the fetus' testes are beginning to descend toward the scrotum.
Week 22
By the end of week 22, the fetus is approximately 28 cm in length and weighs approximately 460 grams. The fetus is still growing into its proper proportion. The development of the eyebrows and eyelids is now complete and rapid eye movement begins. The fingernails have grown in completely and cover the fingertips. The fetus can now hear sounds from outside the uterus, perhaps most frequently, the heartbeat, stomach and voice of its mother.
Week 23
By the end of week 23, the fetus is approximately 29 cm in length and weighs approximately 540 grams. The fetus now has the same proportions as a newborn baby, although a little thinner.. Its skin appears wrinkly because it has yet to be flushed out with fat. The eyes, although fully developed, still lack pigment in the iris. Tooth buds are visible beneath the gums and lips are developing. During this week the fetus' nostrils begin to open and air sacs begin to grow in the lungs.
Week 24
By the end of week 24, the fetus is approximately 30 cm in length and weighs approximately 650 grams. The fetus' hearing is now fully functional and the fetus may react to noises, such as the sound of its mother's voice or music. At this point the fetus may actually become startled and blink in response to a loud noise. Blood vessels are developing in the fetus' lungs that will enable it to breathe air after birth. The fetus' intestines may be accumulating meconium, a waste product that it will not excrete until after birth.
Week 25
By the end of week 25, the fetus is approximately 31 cm in length and weighs approximately 750 grams. The brain of the fetus grows and develops quickly this week. The lungs further develop and begin producing a substance called surfactant, which will prevent the air sac in the lungs from collapsing.
Week 26
By the end of week 26, the fetus is approximately 32 cm in length and weighs approximately 850 grams. The fetus may appear to be breathing as it inhales and exhales amniotic fluid, but there is no air in its lungs. It is believed that the fetus will now recognize, and respond to, touch and light, an indication that the optic nerve is now functioning.
Week 27
By the end of week 27, the fetus is approximately 33.5 cm in length and weighs approximately 975 grams. During this week, the fetus' eyes begin to open. The fetus also increasingly responds to sound as the ears' network of nerves becomes more fully developed. The fetus' limbs are still growing longer and stronger and its body fat continues to increase.
Week 28
By the end of week 28, the fetus is approximately 35 cm in length and weighs approximately 1100 grams. This week the fetal brain grows rapidly, folding over on itself, causing the brain's characteristic ridges as it increases in mass. The fetus' eyes open and close as it sleeps and awakens. It is believed that the fetus may actually begin to dream around this time, which may be the result of a highly active brain. Hiccups are quite common for the fetus during this week of its development.
Week 29
By the end of week 29, the fetus is approximately 36.5 cm in length and weighs approximately 1760 grams. The fetus' skin is becoming less wrinkled as layers of fat grow beneath it. By this time, the fetus may have a full head of hair. If a continuous bright light is shined at the uterus from the outside, the fetus may open its eyes and turn its head toward the light.
Week 30
By the end of week 30, the fetus is approximately 38 cm in length and weighs approximately 1420 grams. The fetus' brain continues to develop rather rapidly, as its head gets larger. If male, the fetus' testicles will continue to move from a location close to the kidney, through the groin and eventually into the scrotum. The fetus' muscles and lungs continue to develop and mature, as its bones become harder.
Week 31
By the end of week 31, the fetus is approximately 39 cm in length and weighs approximately 1585 grams. By this time, the fetus' digestive track and lungs are almost completely developed. The fetus' eyes are functioning well, becoming ever more sensitive to light and stimuli. The brain and nervous system is still developing, and now direct bodily functions. The fetus also begins to shed its thin coat of lanugo hair.
Week 32
By the end of week 32, the fetus is approximately 40 cm in length and weighs approximately 1750 grams. The limbs of the fetus become proportionate to the rest of its body as it fills out and increasingly resembles a newborn. The fetus' pupils will now constrict in response to a light being shined into its eyes. The fetus begins to pass water through its bladder, which will be replaced by urine after birth.
Week 33
By the end of week 33, the fetus is approximately 41 cm in length and weighs approximately 1915 grams. The fetus is now putting on weight quickly -- most fetuses gain half of their birthweight in the next seven weeks before they are born. The fetus also begins to develop regular REM and non-REM sleep patterns. In males, the testicles continue their trek from the abdomen to the scrotum. The fetus is now more aware of the world outside the uterus and responds to external stimuli.
Week 34
By the end of week 34, the fetus is approximately 42 cm in length and weighs approximately 2080 grams. The fetus is continues to gain fat and is now becoming a little cramped inside the uterus. In order to prepare for birth, the fetus begins to turn upside down. The fetus' bones continue to harden and its skin becomes less wrinkled and red.
Week 35
By the end of week 35, the fetus is approximately 43.5 cm in length and weighs approximately 2250 grams. The fetus' lungs are nearly developed and it continues to grow rounder as the layers of fat that will keep it warm outside of the uterus grow thicker.
Week 36
By the end of week 36, the fetus is approximately 45 cm in length and weighs approximately 2420 grams. Now that the mother's abdomen is stretched thinner to accommodate the nearly full-grown fetus, the baby responds to the outside daily cycle of light and dark and develops a daily routine of its own. The kidneys and liver are now fully developed, allowing the fetus to process some waste products itself.
Week 37
By the end of week 37, the fetus is approximately 46.5 cm in length and weighs approximately 2660 grams. The fetus is now fairly round and chubby, gaining about 38 grams a day. It has now lost most of its lanugo hair, except on its shoulders and back. The toenails have reached the tips of the toes and the limbs are flexed.
Week 38
By the end of week 38, the fetus is approximately 48 cm in length and weighs approximately 2900 grams. If the baby were born now, it would be considered full-term. The fetus' head is now in the pelvic cavity, allowing some extra space for the continued growth of the legs and buttocks. The waxy vernix coating is almost completely gone - just enough remains to help lubricate the baby during the birth process. The fetus has actually swallowed some of the shed vernix and lanugo, which is now in its bowels and will be excreted after birth. The fetus also has creases on its heels, a sign of maturity.
Week 39
By the end of week 39, the fetus is approximately 49 cm in length and weighs approximately 3075 grams. At this point, the genitals are fully developed, the testes have reached the scrotum and the labia are in place. All of the other organs are totally developed and ready to sustain the baby in the outside world. The lungs are the last organs to reach a state of total maturity and may need a few hours after birth to establish a regular breathing pattern.
Week 40
By the end of week 40, the fetus is approximately 50 cm in length and weighs 3250 grams. The baby is now full-term and just waiting to be born. The amniotic fluid is now cloudy from the residue of the vernix and the layers of skin that have been shed, as new skin grows in underneath.
Copyright - Right Choice. All rights reserved
For free personal advice send email to
boyorgirl@usa.com
Right Choice Phone 051-55931279-5506613
Mob: 0300-5335516
Lahore; 0333-4268015
Karachi: 0303-6287800
Pink or Blue its up to you
Women Clinic
Women Health Information Center
Provides free information on health and how to assess treatment options
For free personal advice send email to
boyorgirl@usa.com
PH NO : 051-5593179-5506613,
Mob No : O300-5335516
LAHORE: 0333-4268015
Karachi: 0303-6287800
|
 |
Impotence Causes and solutions Did you know
Smoking; excessive drinking and eating high-fat foods can all contribute to the occurrence of impotence. The information you'll find here could be very important, for both you and your partner.
Impotence affects over 20 million men nationwide, but most of them don't see a doctor, because they think it's something they just have to live with. In fact, a doctor, regardless of cause, regardless of age, can treat most cases successfully.
Here we will dispel the myths, uncover interesting facts, and answer some of the most frequently asked questions about impotence.
You'll also learn about proven treatment options for this condition. And if you've tried a particular treatment, we want to hear about your experience
Phone No : 051-5506613-5593179, 0333-5185705 Lahore: 0333-4268015
OUR MISSION
We are here to help loving parents plan their ideal family mix.
We hope whichever sex, you will love and cherish the baby you bring to this world, with our method, we hope to bring more joy and happiness to human life
IMPOTENCE
CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS
Impotence affects about one out of every ten American men, yet many of them don't seek help because they're embarrassed, they think there's no solution or they believe the problem is "all in their minds." Unfortunately, these men are missing out on a wide variety of treatment options.
Impotence, the persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection for intercourse, affects as many as 18 million men in the United States between the ages of 40 and 70. Until recently, doctors thought impotence was mainly rooted in psychological causes.
Now it is believed that 50 to 70 percent of all cases are caused by physical problems. Erection difficulties tend to increase with age, but that is not the only or even the most important factor. Your general physical and psychological health, as well as lifestyle habits and certain medications, can all cause impotence, but you don't have to live with this problem. In most cases, impotence can be successfully treated.
Balance Your Family
HOW DOES AN ERECTION OCCUR?
In order to get an erection, several parts of the body must work together. The brain sends a message of sexual arousal through the nervous system to the penis. This message causes the muscles along the penis to relax. At the same time, the artery to the penis dilates to twice its diameter, increasing the blood flow sixteen-fold, and the veins which carry blood away from the penis are blocked. As a result, the two spongy-tissue chambers in the shaft of the penis fill with blood and the penis becomes firm. A breakdown in any of these systems makes getting or keeping an erection difficult.
HOW IS IMPOTENCE DIAGNOSED?
Virtually all men occasionally fail to get an erection. That's normal. But if a man has trouble getting or maintaining an erection about 25 percent of the time, he should see an urologist. These physicians specialize in disorders of the kidneys, bladder, prostate, penis and urethra.
Usually, after asking questions about when and how the impotence developed, the urologist will give the patient a complete physical exam to determine if his hormone levels are normal and if the blood vessels, nerves and tissues of his penis are working properly. If this initial work-up doesn't pinpoint the cause of the problem, a nocturnal penile tumescence test can be done.
Men with no physical abnormalities almost invariably have nightly erections during sleep. The patient may spend a few nights in a sleep laboratory where a gauge that measures the frequency and duration of nocturnal erections is attached to the base of the penis. A home version of this, the snap-gauge test, can also be used. Before going to sleep, the patient attaches the gauge to the base of his penis. During the night, the gauge will break at different degrees of penile rigidity and show whether a partial or full erection has taken place during sleep. If nocturnal erections do not occur, the impotence is most likely physical.
Additional testing is then required to identify the precise cause of the problem.
TO HELP PRE VENT IMPOTENCE
Exercise regularly
Limit the amount of fat and cholesterol in your diet
Don't Drink
Don't smoke
What Are the Physical Causes of Impotence?
Physical impotence occurs when there is a problem with any of the systems needed to get or maintain an erection. The good news is that potency can usually be restored when a man is treated for underlying medical conditions, when medications are adjusted or when lifestyle habits are changed.
Here are some of the top causes of impotence:
VASCULAR DISEASE
Hardening of the arteries can affect the artery leading to the penis so that it cannot dilate enough to deliver all the blood necessary for an erection. Impotence can also occur if the nerves that control blood flow to the penis are damaged.
DIABETES
One out of every four impotent men has diabetes, which can cause nerve deterioration (diabetic neuropathy).
Impotence may result if nerves or blood vessels that control the flow of blood to the penis are affected. In some cases, keeping the diet and blood sugar under control can decrease impotence. But permanent nerve damage can result in a chronic problem.
DISEASE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Some conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries, can affect or cause impotence.
CANCER SURGERY
Surgery to remove cancer from the prostate, bladder, colon or rectal area can cause impotence if the nerves and blood vessels that control erections are damaged in the process of removing cancerous tissue.
MEDICATIONS
Some prescription medications for high blood pressure, depression, spinal cord injury, diabetes and other conditions can cause temporary impotence by interfering with the nerve impulses or blood flow to the penis. Doctors may be able to adjust the dosage of a drug or change the medication to reverse or minimize the problem.
SMOKING
A recent study at the New England Research Institute in Watertown, Massachusetts, found that impotence was equally common among smokers and non-smokers in general. However, among men with certain health problems, those who smoked were much more likely to have potency problems. For example, 56 percent of smokers with heart disease were completely impotent compared with only 21 percent of non-smokers with the disease.
ALCOHOLISM
Excessive alcohol consumption disrupts hormone levels and can lead to nerve damage. This type of impotence may be reversible or permanent depending on the severity of the nerve damage. Some clinical studies suggest about 25 percent of all alcoholics become impotent -- even after they stop drinking.
HORMONE IMBALANCE
Abnormal testosterone levels are rare, but they can cause impotence. In addition, other illnesses, such as kidney failure and liver disease, can disrupt the balance of hormones.
WHAT ARE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES OF IMPOTENCE?
A man who is depressed, under stress, or worried about his "performance" during sex may not be able to have an erection. Qualified therapists or counselors who specialize in the treatment of sexual problems can often help diagnose and sort through these problems. Some impotence problems can be solved when a man understands the normal changes of aging and how to adapt to them. For example, as men get older they generally need more direct stimulation to achieve an erection.
They may also have less firm erections, take longer to ejaculate and need more time between erections.
Q & A
Q: When should I see a doctor about impotence?
A: Most men experience impotence at some time in their lives as a result of stress, fatigue, or excessive alcohol consumption. This temporary impotence is generally no cause for serious concern. However, persistent impotence can often be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. So, if the situation persists or interferes with normal sexual activity, consult a physician who treats impotence frequently.
Q: I'm 72 years of age. Am I too old to benefit from today's treatments for impotence?
A: No. That's one of the biggest myths about impotence. With today's treatment options, you're never too old to enjoy the pleasures of sex. Almost any man can overcome impotence.
Q: I've read that impotence is often "just in a man's head." Is that true?
A: The fact is, clinical studies prove that up to 75% of impotence cases are physical in nature, not psychological. So it isn't "just in your head." Impotence is caused by a variety of reasons and can almost always be successfully treated by a doctor.
Q: What can a man do to reduce the risk of impotence?
A: Living a healthy life can be good for your sex life. Avoid cigarettes, eating high-fat foods, or drinking excessive alcohol, because they can significantly increase the likelihood for impotence. In some cases, impotence can be related to high blood pressure, diabetes, or other diseases. Visiting a doctor regularly will help you identify these problems.
Q: How can a couple work together to overcome impotence?
A: In order to appropriately treat impotence and strengthen a healthy and nurturing relationship, a couple needs to communicate openly and honestly with each other. Most importantly, a couple needs to confront any concerns they have about impotence by discussing their feelings and assuring each other that they still care. A couple needs to maintain this communication throughout the treatment process.
Q: I've tried one treatment for impotence, and it didn't work for me. Does that mean other
treatments won't work for me either?
A: Absolutely not. Impotence treatments work in different ways. If you're not happy with your current impotence treatment, there are a variety of treatment options you should consider. Remember, impotence can almost always be successfully treated no matter what your age or the cause of your impotence.
Copyright - Right Choice. All rights reserved
|
 |
A Natural Method of Gender Selection
HOW CAN A PATIENT APPROACH US ?
I am based in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, I Also have my weekly consultation at Lahore and fasilabad.
For those patients who cannot make it personally, the whole treatment can be done by correspondence ( which is how I have till date treated 80 % of the total patients).
For getting the treatment by correspondence
A patient in any part of the world with a valid email address and reasonable knowledge of English can avail of this method from me.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
